Beyond digestion: antioxidant, metabolic and matrix-related activity.

In DPPH free-radical scavenging assays, B. coagulans MTCC 25308 demonstrated the strongest antioxidant activity of four probiotic Bacillus strains tested, with an IC₅₀ of 54.19 µg/mL. Activity increased progressively from 10 to 100 µg/mL. Attributed to probiotic-derived antioxidant metabolites and enzymes including superoxide dismutase and catalase.

Concentration-dependent response in cholesterol-enriched culture media: 22.01% at 62.5 µg/mL → 97.72% at 1,000 µg/mL. Approaching the bile-salt reference (99.41%). Proposed mechanisms include cholesterol assimilation, co-precipitation with deconjugated bile salts and BSH-associated activity.

Dose-dependent collagenase inhibition from 12.5 to 200 µg/mL, reaching 85.40% at 200 µg/mL. Probiotic-derived peptides, exopolysaccharides and metabolites may interact with collagenase or matrix metalloproteinase pathways. Supports research into healthy-ageing and beauty-from-within concepts.

In 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cells, B. coagulans MTCC 25308 showed moderate reduction in lipid accumulation and comparable PPAR-γ inhibition, with high cell viability. α-amylase inhibition comparable; α-glucosidase inhibition limited. Positioned as cellular metabolic support.